Article 4 of the EU Digital Single Market Directive allows for the reproduction of lawfully accessed content for text-and-data mining purposes for commercial purposes, where a rights holder has not expressly restricted the use of the work. In the last few years, the W3C community has developed the “TDM Reservation Protocol” (TDMRep), a machine-readable opt-out solution for rights holders to effectively communicate their reservation of rights. The panel will discuss the utility of the opt-out mechanism, the development and adoption of TDMRep across publishing sectors, and the interplay between the Art. 4 opt-out mechanism and the EU AI Act.